| 1. |
NI is used after spatial locators to denotes where something or someone is “in, at, on.”
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| 2. |
The particle NI can be used to mark time. It can be a specific time (at 7:00) or an interval of time (every three months).
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| 3. |
Expresses the idea of entering, a movement from a larger to a smaller place or location. This concept can be abstract (to join, to enroll) or physical (to enter).
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| 4. |
Denotes a movement toward a place or destination. へ (e) can also be often use in this case.
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| 5. |
NI can be used after the conjunctive base of a verb to express the goal of an action. The conjunctive base is the one used with polite form -masu (SHImasu, TABEmasu, etc.).
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| 6. |
Designates the reciepient of an action in structures such as "to give to someone", etc.
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| 7. |
NI is used to indicate the result of a change, mainly with the verb "to become".
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| 8. |
In a passive structure, it denotes the agent, the grammatical element that is at the origin of the action (by him, by the train, etc.)
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| 9. |
In a causative sentence (to make someone do something, NI is used to indicate the person who is made to do something.
Be careful, in a passive-causative structure (to be made to do something by someone) it can become complex to inditify the right elements correctly, NI is used to indicate the agent (the one is at the origin of the action).
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| 10. |
NI can be used to make an enumeration of elements usually found in writing.
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| 11. |
Indicates the basis or means by which an action takes place.
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