Grammar

SUKI AND KIRAI (好き / 嫌い)


SUKI (好き) and KIRAI (嫌い) are used respectively to express appreciation and depreciation of something or someone. Those two な adjectives are preceded by the particle GA が, sometimes は WA (more details at the end of the document).

SUKI

好き means “appreciated,” “likable,” etc. It can be used to translate “I like…”. With a noun, we should literally understand “noun + is appreciated.”

(わたし)音楽(おんがく)()です
Watashi wa ongaku ga suki desu.
I love music.

Literally: in my case, music is appreciated.

(おとうと)バニラアイスクリーム()
Otouto wa banira aisukuriimu ga suki da.
My little brother likes vanilla ice cream.

If it's a verb, it must be nominalized by adding KOTO (こと) or NO (の) after its plain form (dictionary form). We can then say, “to like + verb.”

(わたし)ドラム(たた)こと()
Watashi wa doramu o tataku koto ga suki da.
I like playing drums.

Literally: In my case, the fact of playing drums is appreciated.

スタンさんアニメ()こと()です
Sutan san wa anime o miru koto ga suki desu.
Stan likes watching anime.

To say “to love someone,” の こと is added after the person’s name to highlight the information.

彼女(かのじょ)(こと)()
Kanojo (no koto) ga suki.
I love her.

KIRAI

KIRAI (嫌い) means “dislikable.” It's used to say, “I don’t like…”. Be careful, despite its appearance, it’s not an い adjective, but a な adjective.

(わたし)数学(すうがく)(きら)
Watashi wa suugaku ga kirai da.
I do not like mathematics

(はは)(うそ)(きら)です
Haha wa uso ga kirai desu.
My mother does not like lies.

As we did for 好き, we nominalize a verb by adding the particle こと or の to its plain form. We can then say, “don’t like + verb.”

(あし)(おそ)から(はし)(きら)
Ashi ga osoi kara hashiru no ga kirai na n da.
I don’t like running because I run slowly.

青木(あおき)さん新聞(しんぶん)()こと(きら)です
Aoki san wa shinbun o yomu koto ga kirai desu.
Mr. Aoki does not like reading newspapers.

To say “don't love someone,” you can also add のこと after the person’s name to emphasize the information.

(まえ)ことなんか(きら)
Omae no koto nanka kirai da!
You, I hate you!

Difference between WA (は) and GA (が) in the structure

To explain the difference between the particles は and が, let’s compare two sentences.

(さかな)()です
Sakana ga suki desu.
I like fish.

(さかな)()です
Sakana wa suki desu.
Fish, that’s what I like.

The difference is subtle. With が, we insist on the subject of the appreciation. We like fish (and nothing else). Whereas with は, the fish becomes the topic of the sentence, and the information that follows is highlighted. In a context where we were talking about meat, vegetable and fish for example, は puts a stress on fish as the element we like “compared to others.”

DAI (大) before SUKI and KIRAI

It's also possible to add 大 before 好き and 嫌い. It reinforces the feeling of appreciation or depreciation (大好き = to love, to enjoy a lot, etc. /  大嫌い  = to hate, etc.) The kanji 大 means “large / big.”

日本語(にほんご)勉強(べんきょう)する大好(だいす)です
Nihongo o benkyou suru no ga daisuki desu!
I love studying Japanese!

(かれ)納豆(なっとう)大嫌(だいきら)
Kare wa nattou ga daikirai da yo.
He hates nattou!


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1
  Posted on Apr 29, 2012, 4:46:50 PM #3

Clinch



ありがとうございます
  Posted on Apr 28, 2012, 4:52:24 AM #2

Element



なんだ is from なのだ form to emphasize a information.
Look at carefully the grammatical point のだ/のです
http://www.japan-activator.com/en/lessons/grammar/article/id/90
I hope it will help you.
嫌い <大嫌い
To dislike < to hate
  Posted on Apr 27, 2012, 8:45:49 PM #1

Clinch



What does "なん" mean in the sentence "足が遅いから走るのが嫌いなんだ"? I know it means "what," but that doesn't make sense here.

お願いします

Also, in the last example, the sentence "彼は納豆が大嫌いだよ" translates to "He hates nattou!"
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